Typically, the first step a collection law firm takes to collect a debt is to send a demand letter to the debtor. If the debtor is a natural person and the debt was incurred for a personal purpose, the demand letter must notify the debtor of their right to dispute the validity of the debt in order to comply with the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. The default letter advises the debtor that the collection law firm has been retained to collect the debt and notifies the debtor that he has thirty days to dispute the validity of the debt before a lawsuit will be commenced. The Demand letter, identifying the sender as a law firm, is often very effective, especially if the debtor has sufficient assets to pay the debt and does not want to incur the cost of hiring an attorney or spend the time defending a lawsuit.
During the next thirty days, the collection law firm will regularly call the debtor seeking to collect the debt without resorting to litigation. If the debtor does not respond within 30 days, the collection law firm prepares a summons and complaint, files it in the county which the debtor resides and has it served on the debtor. Once the debtor has been served with a summons and complaint, he must either serve an Answer, or he will be held in default and the court will award a default judgment to the creditor consisting of the amount of the debt (principal and pre-suit interest), court costs and sometimes, attorney’s fees. If an Answer is served, the collection law firm will either attempt to establish the validity of the debt at trial or submit a motion for summary judgment and try to show that no trial is needed since Defendant’s Answer failed to establish any genuine issues.
Whether following a trial, motion for summary judgment or default, the award of a judgment allows the creditor to seize the assets of the debtor and/or garnish the debtor’s wages. Collection law firms, using state of the art proprietary software send restraining notices to many different banks instructing them to freeze the debtor’s bank account so it can then send the marshal or sheriff to seize any non-exempt funds. The collection law firm will also serve income executions on the marshal or sheriff in the county where the debtor is employed to garnish the wages of the debtor until the debt has been entire judgment plus marshal or sheriff’s fees have paid in full. Often times, to avoid embarrassment, the debtor will voluntarily repay the debt before his employer is served.
In addition, the creditors can seize any other assets they can locate and, for larger debts, collection law firms may utilize the services of skip tracers and private investigators to locate them. Once located, the collection law firm can have the marshal or sheriff seize the asset and liquidate it to satisfy the judgment amount.
Throughout the collection process, the collection law firm will call regularly, attempt to keep the lines of communication open and collect the debt voluntarily, often settling the lawsuit by entering into a written stipulation providing for the repayment of the debt.
For more information or to speak with one of our New York collection attorneys, call (800)824-0284.